四宗

The four kinds of inference in logic-- common, prejudged or opposing, insufficiently founded, arbitrary. Also, the four schools of thought

I.

According to [lang id =1028]淨影 Jingying they are

(1) [lang id =1028]立性宗 that everything exists, or has its own nature; e. g. Sarvāstivāda, in the 'lower' schools of Hīnayāna;

(2) [lang id =1028]破性宗 that everything has not a nature of its own; e. g. the [lang id =1028]成實宗 a 'higher' Hīnayāna school, the Satyasiddhi;

(3) [lang id =1028]破相宗 that form has no reality, because of the doctrine of the void, 'lower' Mahāyāna;

(4) [lang id =1028]願實宗 revelation of reality, that all comes from the (sa) bhūtatathatā, 'higher ' Mahāyāna.

II.

According to [lang id =1028]曇隱 Tanyin of the [lang id =1028]大衍 monastery they are

(1) [lang id =1028]因緣宗, i. e. [lang id =1028]立性宗 all things are causally produced;

(2) [lang id =1028]假名宗, i. e. [lang id =1028]破性宗 things are but names;

(3) [lang id =1028]不真宗, i. e. [lang id =1028]破相宗, denying the reality of form, this school fails to define reality;

(4) [lang id =1028]真宗, i. e. [lang id =1028]顯實宗 the school of the real, in contrast with the seeming.